Monday, March 17, 2014

Fixing your Sit-Ups

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First, I am not a fan of sit-up testing.  I don't think it tells us anything we want to know about fitness and it may be counterproductive.  Dr. Stuart McGill (renowned spine biomechanist) generally advises against sit-ups because his data shows that they can be damaging.  However, until we take them out of our fitness tests in the military (and I believe we will one day), you have to get them done.   I have the unique opportunity to watch thousands of people do sit-ups.  I also have the unique opportunity to be able to work with every one who fails the sit-up portion of the U S Naval Academy Physical Fitness Test.  There aren't many as most of the Midshipmen do great.  However, there are more than I had expected.  Over the last couple of years I have noticed an interesting  phenomenon regarding sit-up failures.  9 out of 10 people who fail the sit-up portion suffer from the same biomechanical movement pattern flaw.  When we fix this flaw, they pass and never have trouble with sit-ups again.  What is this flaw?  Anterior pelvic tilt during the sit up. Take a look at the figure below.  A is the starting position for just about everyone.  As soon as the sit-up is initiated, a normal movement pattern is to roll the pelvis back (posterior pelvic tilt), engage the abdominal muscles and flex the spine.  This results in a bending forward at the spine rather than the hips (B below).  In about 9 out of 10 cases of sit-up failures what I observe is C below.  The first thing they do is roll the pelvis forward (anterior pelvic tilt).  This locks the spine in hyper-extension and prevents any forward flexion of the spine.  As a result, the only way to do a sit-up at this point is to bend at the hips, rather than the spine.  This is a hip flexor dominant pattern that takes the abdominals largely out of the movement.  Plus, it is a much longer, and harder movement.  In most cases, I see this anterior pelvic tilt pattern in their pushups as well.

 
 
 
How do we fix it?  First we identify the issue and explain to them what they are doing.  It is always an "aha!" moment.  Many have stated that people were always telling them that they were doing sit-ups wrong but they couldn't say how.  Many also state that sit-ups often hurt their back.  Then we have them start doing feet elevated crunches with a special focus on engaging the abdominal muscles.  I also have them do the old "6-inches" exercise that coach used to make you do in football practice.  This one is simple.  Lie on your back and hold your legs out with your heels 6 inches from the ground.  Hold this position.  However, in this case, roll your pelvis back into posterior pelvic tilt while you do it.  Make sure that your lower back is in contact with the ground.  This is a great exercise for forcing you into posterior pelvic tilt against a resistance.  The legs produce a big rotational moment that tends to pull your pelvis forward.  Your job is to counter that by rotating your pelvis back and holding it.  We also add some planks, bird dogs, and some glute work.  Then we have them practice sit-ups, focusing on a neutral or posterior tilt to the pelvis.  It sometimes takes a couple of weeks to start to reprogram the sit-up but we always get there. 
 
If you are having trouble with sit-up performance, have someone watch you do sit-ups and see if you are moving into anterior pelvic tilt.  Sometimes it is subtle and hard to see, however, the lack of flexion in the spine will be most telling.  If this is the case, try what we recommend above.  We have not had it fail yet. 

Ruck Training Program

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This program builds upon the research on tactical load carriage conducted by the Army and others.  It provides some of the background science as well as a complete ruck program.  It also has a maintenance ruck program for those with limited training time.  We have used this program quite a bit, along with modifications of the program, which are discussed in the document. 

Ruck Training Program PDF

If you find this program helpful, please consider donating to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation at:  http://www.firstgiving.com/fundraiser/prevosttraining/PrevostTrainingFundraisingPage

Friday, March 14, 2014

Endurance Training Programming

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This is a stripped down, simple structure for endurance training.  This is the basic framework of almost all good endurance training programs.  I have stripped it down to the basics and use only 3 tools and 3 phases.  Simplicity is an asset in this case because it is easy to understand and easy to manage.  I have used this simple structure to train people for the 1.5 mile Navy PRT, 5Ks, 10Ks, marathon and ultras.  All it takes is a simple adjustment.  There are more complex plans available but complex is not always better.  This was heavily influenced by Coach Barry Pollock. 

Endurance Training Programming PDF
 
If you benefit from any of these programs please consider donating to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation at: http://www.firstgiving.com/fundraiser/prevosttraining/prevosttrainingfundraisingpage

Training for your first pull-up

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I have used versions of this plan for years.  I put this version together last year when the USMC mandated pull-ups for females.  Many of the Midshipmen who want to commission in the USMC have used it to get their first pull up.  It is a transitional program that prepares them to do our 25 pull-up program.  So far it has worked really well. 

First Pull-Up Program PDF
 
If you benefit from any of these programs please consider donating to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation at: http://www.firstgiving.com/fundraiser/prevosttraining/prevosttrainingfundraisingpage

The Impatience Epidemic

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Since I started this blog a half-decade ago, I've steadfastly refused to accommodate any suggestion that I'm an expert at any of this stuff that we do.  I enjoy writing and I enjoy working out so I figured that this would be a fun way for me to disseminate some information.  While I'm not a professional, I have distinctive experiences since my training took a far less conventional path than the average shaved ape taking up spaces at the gym. 

Since I have no illusions of being worthy of regularly consulted about working out by newbies, I was somewhat taken back when new guys at the gym that I regularly work out at started asking me tips on how I got strong.  I guess after doing this somewhat regularly for 11 years, much of which I swear I was simple stumbling around in the dark, I have something to say on the matter. 

 They have their guesses.  There are the notions of certain exercises that need to be done.  That doesn't do it, as far as I'm concerned.  Neither do specific methodologies or routines.  Consistency has to be the most common guess.  That may be close but I think that a better key to getting strong is patience.  As far as I’m concerned, patience isn’t just a frame of mind that you need to have in order to succeed.  It’s a key ingredient, as necessary as the food you eat and the movements that you do to build up your body and increase your strength. 

 Nothing good happens to the body in a hurry.  It doesn’t matter whether or not you want to get stronger, bigger, or leaner.  All goals involving the body take months, and even years, to achieve.  In a way, body transformations can be like raising children.  When my kid doesn’t do what I tell him to do, I can let it slide because I don’t feel like getting up to make him do what I want him to do.  Or, I just nip things in the ass and force him to do what he should be doing.  It’s more work now, sure, but it pays off later.  Otherwise I end up raising an intolerable cretin that is difficult to control and nobody wants to be around. 
 In other words, it can only be so easy. 
Your body is the same way.  You’ve got to have some patience and put in the work.  As I intermingle with gym culture at large, the more I realize there is an epidemic of impatience going on.  Rather than realizing that proficiency takes time, there’s a generation of gym goofs who just can’t be bothered to actually build strength over a period of months and years.  They want it yesterday and will resort to turning themselves into little more than abominations of training to meet these ends. 
  • Impatience is the kid who’ll put wrist straps on to do bicep curls with the entire weight stack on the cable machine because he’s in too much of a hurry to get big arms than bring his forearms along for the fun. 
  • Impatience is that guy who has to bench the biggest dumbbells in the gym and can’t be bothered to actually be able both fully lower and lock out those dumbbells.   
  • Impatience is those legions of people who kip their way into torn labrums rather than fully master a pull-up. 
  • Impatience are the people who focus more on strength endurance because it’s faster to develop and try to ignore max strength work because, you know, that’s REALLY hard. 
Shortcuts only last so long before the truth will bite you in the ass:  You’re not strong and you’ve screwed up because you’ve spent too much time faking it.  This realization will probably by painful too and result in set-backs.  You forgot, or never realized, how virtuous patience really is. 
I've mad my mistakes over the years but being patience, mercifully, wasn't one of them.  From an impatient eye, my 11 years of consistent training has been a study in sucking for long periods of time.  My favorite lift of all is the bent press.  I started doing that one at the tail-end of 2010 with a 35 lbs kettlebell.  It's taken me 3.5 years to get good enough to bent press 130 lbs with any regularity.   I attempted one-arm push-ups back in 2008, only getting 3 or 4 per arm, on a good day.  Now, I'm homing in on six years of training those and I'm up to around 20 per arm, or 8 per arm with 20 lbs of chain around my neck.  My 157 to 180 lbs bulk too me about 8 months.  Lately, it's taken me 8 weeks to sustain a 10 lbs weight increase despite having a soda-straw for a left leg begging for some gains. 

So, if you're new to this whole subculture and are looking for what you're missing as you mindlessly switch from one routine to the next while looking for every shortcut imaginable because you can't stand the thought of sucking in the gym, do yourself a favor and accept the fact that this takes time.  If you don't get this, you don't get strength training. 

14 Week PFT Plan

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This is a plan I developed to help Midshipmen prepare for the USMC PFT.  It has been tested by dozens with success.  I stretched it to 14 weeks due to the pull-ups, which can take a bit of time to get up to max numbers.  We have had quite a few max the PFT with this simple plan.  Don't add any running to this plan.  There is already quite a bit of high intensity running.  If you add this to a strength training program, you can eliminate the pushups from this plan and eliminate pulling from your strength training program. 

14 Week USMC PFT Plan PDF
 
If you benefit from any of these programs please consider donating to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation at: http://www.firstgiving.com/fundraiser/prevosttraining/prevosttrainingfundraisingpage

Minimal Equipment Strength Training

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This is a simple program I created for a couple of guys who were not interested in going to the gym.  They did not have the time and did not enjoy the gym atmosphere. So far it is working great.   I always advise people to think carefully before abandoning the gym for home training.  It is not for everyone. 

Some people thrive on a public gym atmosphere.  They like higher levels of stimulation, the action, camaraderie, the buzz of working out in a crowd.  Those people are going to hate working out at home and probably will not last on a program like this.  If they work out at home, they need much more variety.  Something like P90X might be more appropriate for their personality.  The best program is the one you will actually do, consistently.

I am more of an introvert.  I hate working out in a crowd.  The atmosphere is distracting and does nothing for me.  I would rather grind away in solitude.  But I have a high tolerance for repetitiveness.  I have had the same breakfast every day for 2 years (steel cut oats with walnuts, eggs with guacamole, cup of coffee).  The advantage of consistency over variety is that it allows you to apply smart progressive overload and master a few key movements.  It is also the key to getting really strong. 

Which is better, a program that focuses on consistency or variety?  The one that you will do is better.  Like Dan John says, "The first step is to do something."  If you can handle training at home, and don't mind a consistent grind, this program works very well.  Give it a go for about 12 weeks and see what happens.

Minimal Equipment Strength PDF
 
If you benefit from any of these programs please consider donating to the Special Operations Warrior Foundation at: http://www.firstgiving.com/fundraiser/prevosttraining/prevosttrainingfundraisingpage
 

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